Media Studies mandatory task

TECHNIQUE
DEFINITION
PHOTOGRAPH
Extreme close up
A specific facial feature fills the frame to ensure the audience focuses on that facial feature and the characters emotion/reaction.

Close up
Head and shoulders, usually used to draw focus to a specific character or object.

Mid-shot
Shows torso and some background

Long shot
Shows entire body of a character, shows background/location.

Establishing shot
Tells the audience where we are; establishes location.

Point of view shot
A camera shot taken from the position of the subjects.

Two shot
Two characters fill the frame.

Over the shoulder shot
This shot looks over an actors shoulder, looking at another actor to show that they are having a conversation.


The audience is at the same height/level as the actors.

High angle shot
The camera is higher than most of the actors, and looks down on a character.

Low angle shot
The camera is lower than most of the actors, and looks up on a character.

Tilt angle shot
A shot which is tilted to one side

Aerial shot
The view from high above, as if you were looking from the perspective


As if the camera was on the ground and you were looking through the eyes of an insect from the ground.



























1.     Soft Focus- deliberately introducing spherical aberrations in order to give the appearance of blurring the image while retaining sharp edges.
2.     Shallow Focus- where one plane of the image is in focus and the rest is not, used to put emphasis on that part of the image.
3.     Deep Focus- a technique in which objects very near the camera as well as those far away are in focus at the same time.
4.     Pull focus- using the zoom lens a person in the foreground becomes out of focus and the focus shifts to a different subject in the frame.
5.     Pan- pivoting the camera to the side to scan a scene or follow a moving subject, the camera remaining stationary.
6.     Tilt- pivoting the camera up and down to scan a scene or follow a moving subject, the camera remains stationary.
7.     Crane- a camera atop of a crane that can be manoeuvred for suspense such as moving away from actors.
8.     Dolly- a cart that travels along a set of tracks
9.     Track- what the dolly glides along giving its easy movement
10.  Steadicam- a lightweight mounting for a film camera which keeps it steady for filming when handheld or moving.
11.  Handheld- a camera held in hand rather than supported by some sort of stand.
12.  Whip pan- a camera panning movement fast enough to give a blurred picture.
13.  Zoom- a camera shot that change smoothly from a long shot to a close up or vice versa.
14.  Static- a lack in movement or action.


·       Locations and Setting- where a scene takes place, a location can be anywhere but a set is in artificial replica.
·       Props- objects used to dress the set or used by the actors.
·       Costume- items that are associated with an actors clothing.
·       Hair and makeup- the adaptations actors make to their appearance before going on camera
·       Facial expression and Body language- actions actors do to convey emotion
·       Blocking- covers where the actors are and how they are situated. It also includes how they moved through the frame and how it is staged.
·       Low key lighting- characters/objects are in shadow with very few lights used.

·       High key lighting- characters/objects are easily visible and well lit.

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